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Nakamura et al. BMC Public Health (2017) 17:74
DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-3907-y
STUDY PROTOCOL
Open Access
A randomized-controlled trial focusing on
socio-economic status for promoting
vegetable intake among adults using a
web-based nutrition intervention
programme: study protocol
Saki Nakamura1,2, Takayo Inayama1* and Takashi Arao3
Abstract
Background: Web-based nutritional education programmes appear to be comparable to those delivered faceto-face. However, no existing web-based nutrition education or similar programme has yet been evaluated with
consideration of socio-economic status. The objective of a nutritional education programme of promoting
vegetable intake designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the results of intervention and to
determine how socio-economic status influences the programme effects.
Methods/Design: Participants will be randomly sampled individuals (aged 30–59) stratified according national
population statistics for sex, age, and household income. Participants were consented to survey participation
(n = 1500), and will be randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention period is 5 weeks
with one step of diet-related education per week. The main outcome of the programme is dietary behaviour as
eating vegetable (350 g per day, five small bowl). To encourage behavioural changes, the programme contents are
prepared using behavioural theories and techniques tailored to the assumed group stages of behavioural change.
In the first step, we employ the health belief model to encourage a shift from the pre-contemplative to the
contemplative phase; in the second and third steps, social cognitive theory is used to encourage transition to the
preparatory phase; in the fourth step, social cognitive theory and strengthening social support are used to promote
progression to the execution phase; finally, in the fifth step, strengthening social capital and social support are used
to promote the shift to the maintenance phase. The baseline, post intervention and follow-up survey was assessed
using a self-administered questionnaire. For process evaluation, we use five items relating to programme
participation and satisfaction. A follow-up survey of participants will be carried out 3 months after intervention
completion.
Discussion: The fact that this study is an RCT with an established control group is a strong advantage. Information
and communications technology is not limited by time or place. If we could show this web-based nutrition education
programmes has a positive effect, it may be an appropriate tool for reaching individuals in lower socio-economic state.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials UMIN-ICDR UMIN 000019376 (Registered October 16, 2015).
Keywords: Nutrition education, Web-based intervention, RCT, Income, Vegetable, Japanese, Adult
* Correspondence: [email protected]