Week 7: Assignment – Part 3: Literature Review and Critical Appraisal
This is part 3 of an assignment. I will provide the first two parts. You will need to give the 5 articles of evidence and review them. Thanks
Assignment Prompt
This week’s first assignment is STEP 3 – Literature Review and Critical Appraisal.
The student will complete the following items and submit a Word doc to the assignment link. 

Literature Review – Provide the key terms used to guide the search for the evidence and provide at least five (5) summaries of research studies to support the evidence.
Critical Appraisal of Literature – Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence, what is known from the evidence and any gaps in knowledge from the research evidence.
Running head: PREVENTING POST-OPERATIVE SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
Preventing Post-Operative Surgical Site Infection
Quality improvement in healthcare in line with surgical site infections (SSI) emerges as a
center of focus in many healthcare facilities today. Thus, considering the topic that the paper
wishes to address, for the evidence-based practice would be, “In surgical patients is the use of
PREVENTING POST-OPERATIVE SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
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preadmission screening and education compared to no preadmission screening and education,
beneficial in reducing the rate of surgical site infections during the postoperative period?”
Problem Overview
The topic is significant in the current medical practice due to the increasing number of
surgical procedures that healthcare facilities perform. Moreover, better techniques or methods
have still not been established to handle surgical site infection of patients. In the United States,
research reports that about 15 million patients go through surgical treatments every year (Soule,
2018). However, of the estimated 15 million, around 750,000 patients end up developing a SSI.
Considering the global magnitude of the problem, it is approximated that from 187 to 281
million patients benefit from surgical procedures (Health Research & Educational Trust, 2018).
The benefit sometimes becomes insignificant due to the prevalence of SSIs.
Apart from being commonly uncontrollable, SSIs are also the most expensive forms of
infection that patients face. Surgical patients are highly vulnerable to infections, since surgery
causes a wound creates a portal for infections (Phillips et al., 2015). Many evidence-based
practices have been currently adopted to prevent infections. Certainly, the approaches have
helped prevent infections by 60 percent (Soule, 2018). It is believed that implementation of
preadmission screening and education after the operation can help them minimize surgical site
infection (Perry et al., 2016). The patients decrease their likelihood of contracting a SSI as they
have access to the necessary knowledge regarding appropriate precautions which allows them to
avoid surgical site infections.
PREVENTING POST-OPERATIVE SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
References
Soule B. M. (2018). Evidence-Based Principles and Practices for Preventing Surgical Site
Infections. Joint Commission International. Available at:
https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/-/media/jci/jci-
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PREVENTING POST-OPERATIVE SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
documents/offerings/advisory-services/infection-prevention-andcontrol/jci_ssi_toolkit.pdf?db=web&hash=51FCBF18BC050870C6721734A67F79ED
[Accessed on: January 27, 2020]
Health Research & Educational Trust (August 2018). Surgical Site Infections Change Package:
2018 Update. Chicago, IL: Health Research & Educational Trust. Available at:
http://www.hret-hiin.org/Resources/ssi/18/surgical-site-infections-change-package.pdf
[Accessed on: January 27, 2020]
Perry, R., Scott, L. J., Richards, A., Haase, A. M., Savovi?, J., Ness, A. R., … Pufulete, M.
(2016). Pre-admission interventions to improve outcome after elective surgery-protocol
for a systematic review. Systematic reviews, 5, 88. doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0266-9.
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4878054/ [Accessed on:
January 27, 2020]
Phillips, M., Rosenberg, A., Shopsin, B., Cuff, G., Skeete, F., Foti, A., … & Bosco, J. (2015).
Preventing surgical site infections: a randomized, open-label trial of nasal mupirocin
ointment and nasal povidone-iodine solution. Infection Control & Hospital
Epidemiology, 35(7), 826-832.
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Running head: PREVENTING SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
Preventing Post-Operative Surgical Site Infection
PREVENTING SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
2
PICOT
In surgical patients is the use of preadmission screening & education compared to no
preadmission screening and education beneficial in reducing the rate of surgical site infections
during the postoperative period?
Purpose Statement
Adoption of preadmission screening and intensive education for surgical patients can
help in reducing the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) during the postoperative period (Perry
et al., 2016). The purpose of the current project is to assess the effectiveness of preadmission
screening and intensive education in reducing the rate of surgical site infections during the
postoperative period.
Background and Significance
The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) data indicates that surgical site
infections rank third among nosocomial infections and are a major cause of morbidity and
mortality among surgical patients (Kocbek et al., 2019). SSIs also increase the length of hospital
stay and significantly increases healthcare costs. The rate of SSIs remains high, with 5% of the
approximately 27 million annual surgical procedures in the United States resulting in surgical
site infections (Qi et al., 2019). Evidently, there is a strong need to implement interventions that
will effectively minimize the number of surgical site infections among surgical patients.
Preadmission screening and intensive education have been suggested as an effective intervention
for minimizing the rate of surgical site infections among surgical patients (Perry et al., 2016).
Therefore, this paper will empirically establish whether preadmission screening and intensive
screening as an intervention is effective in reducing SSIs among surgical patients post
operatively. The findings of this project will inform whether preadmission screening and
PREVENTING SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
intensive education should be implemented and increased among surgical patients as a means of
minimizing SSIs.
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PREVENTING SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
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References
Kocbek, P., Fijacko, N., Soguero-Ruiz, C., Mikalsen, K. Ø., Maver, U., Povalej Brzan, P., … &
Stiglic, G. (2019). Maximizing interpretability and cost-effectiveness of surgical site
infection (SSI) predictive models using feature-specific regularized logistic regression on
preoperative temporal data. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2019.
Perry, R., Scott, L. J., Richards, A., Haase, A. M., Savovi?, J., Ness, A. R., … Pufulete, M.
(2016). Pre-admission interventions to improve outcome after elective surgery-protocol
for a systematic review. Systematic reviews, 5, 88. doi:10.1186/s13643-0160266-9.
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4878054/
[Accessed on: January 27, 2020]
Qi, A. C., Peacock, K., Luke, A. A., Barker, A., Olsen, M. A., & Maddox, K. E. J. (2019).
Associations Between Social Risk Factors and Surgical Site Infections After Colectomy
and Abdominal Hysterectomy. JAMA network open, 2(10), e1912339-e1912339.

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