Advanced Program Implementation and Evaluation
Discussion: Using Data in Public Health
Programs
5-6 REFERENCES CITATIONS APA 600
WORDS OR MORE
Program effectiveness is difficult to prove, even when ample quantitative and qualitative
data are available. Just because information is easy to count or describe does not mean that
it provides insight. For example, a health promotion program that seeks to teach adults in a
community to eat fewer fatty foods in order to avoid heart disease. A report about how
many heart attacks occurred in the community might provide some insight on overall
cardiac health, but there is no way to collect data on the number of heart attacks that
did not happen as a result of the program. Moreover, the number of heart attacks alone will
not be a relevant data point without being linked to fatty food consumption. However, it
may be helpful to look at trends in eating habits as well as trends in heart disease and heart
attacks over a 10-year period.
As a public health professional, you may be asked to determine what needs to be evaluated
(what is being measured) and why, and what data will yield relevant information. For this
week’s Discussion, you will practice planning data collection for effective evaluation using a
scenario before collecting data for your own programs.
Select one of the following four hypothetical public health programs. Consider the methods
and data points that would be the most appropriate in order to evaluate its effectiveness.
Scenarios:
1. Boost Your Kids: A U.S. program sponsored by a local health department’s Injury
Prevention program. The program seeks to inform parents about the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s recommendations regarding car seat usage.
2. Babies Benefit: A program offered by an international relief organization in
Myanmar to train health care providers to communicate about the use of vitamin A
and other supplements during every health care visit and intervention.
3. Slim Down City: A lifestyle health program aimed at urban residents in the United
States, this programs sponsors weekly walks for 10 weeks to promote physical activity
and prevent obesity.
4. The Pink Bus: A program provided by an alliance between a local university health
care system and a cancer center, this clinic on wheels provides free and low-cost
mammograms to low-income women in Canada.
By Day 4
Post the number of the scenario you selected (make sure to include the number of your
chosen scenario in the subject line). Describe three types of quantitative and three types of
qualitative data you want to collect about the public health program you chose, and explain
why you would collect each. Then, explain one quantitative and one qualitative method that
might be most appropriate to evaluate the program and why.
Advanced Mixed-Methods Reasoning and Analysis
5 REFERENCES APA CITATION 700 WORDS OR MORE
Discussion – Module 5
COLLAPSE
Moving Forward with Mixed Methods
Consider what you have learned about mixed methods research and its history. From that viewpoint, discuss
the future of MMR—in all of its complexities and ongoing debates—and your role in it. Revisit the goals you
discussed in your Module 1 introduction. Where are you in relationship to those goals? Have you developed
new ones or amended the original ones? Where are you in relationship to developing your MMR proposal?
What are your next steps, and what kinds of supports do you have and will you need?
To prepare:
In Week 1, you discussed what you hoped to accomplish in the course. In the final week of the course, reflect
on your accomplishments, your Final Project and answers to the following questions:
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In your opinion, what is the most critical issue facing MMR in the future?
How do you plan to move forward with MMR?
What else do you need to know about MMR, and how will you find this information?
As you put the finishing touches on your Final Project, consider the timeline required to accomplish
your research plan. What contingencies do you have in place if one of the multilevel components
does not proceed as planned?
The dissertation process is challenging and iterative. Consider ways that you can keep yourself
motivated during the proposal reviews and the data collection, data analysis and writing process.
By Day 3 of Week 11
Construct a 3- to 4-paragraph post where you reflect on what you learned in the course, and respond to the
bulleted prompts in the “To prepare” section of this Discussion.
Discussion 1: Introductions using Kaltura
Your first assignment in this course will be to introduce yourself to your colleagues using
the Kaltura tool in Blackboard to post a short video of yourself. You might have met one
another at a residency or have seen each other’s names in other courses. This Discussion is
your chance to explain who you are and where your research interests lie as you get
acquainted with your peers. This is also a good opportunity to ask your colleagues for
support and suggestions related to your research. Perhaps you will form a research group
together in the future!
To prepare:
• Read over the course syllabus and related materials provided in the course.
• Follow the link in the course navigation panel for instructions on the Kaltura video
tool you will use in this Discussion.
• Review your Prospectus and any updates you have created since it was approved.
• Review the different definitions of MMR in Chapter 3 of the textbook, and determine
how you are defining MMR. Think about how this helps you explain why MMR is the
best approach for your planned study.
By Day 4 of Week 1
Using the Kaltura video tool, post a 2-3 minute video to:
• Introduce yourself, including personal and professional information.
• Share possible capstone research questions.
• Explain why you believe MMR is the right fit for your research questions.
• Describe what you would like to accomplish in this course.
Discussion 2: Processing the Module
Resources
In order to best understand how MMR applies to your research, you must gain a
foundational understanding of its underlying principles and methods. Throughout each
module of this course, you will participate in a Discussion to synthesize and seek
clarification from your Instructor and your course colleagues. Think of this (and the similar
discussions that occur in each module) as a learning and support space where you present,
question and wrestle with concepts as you seek and provide help for your colleagues.
In this Discussion, you begin to develop your understanding of MMR. You have two topics
in your initial post; respond to colleagues across those topics.
To prepare:
• Review the Learning Resources for the module.
• Identify confusing terms and information you found helpful, and any insights you
may have gained as you read.
• Identify ideas emphasized in the readings and other resources.
• Review the socioecological framework presented in Chapter 1 of the textbook.
By Day 1 of Week 2
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In 2–3 paragraphs, summarize recurring and contradictory themes across the
readings. What terms and issues arose for you that need clarifications or expanded
explanations?
In 3–5 additional paragraphs, explain your understanding of the socioecological
framework introduced in the Plano Clark and Ivankova text and how you can use it
as you plan your study. Ask questions about any elements you do not understand.
The recurrent theme of mixed-method
Quantitative research methods concentrated on numbers, whereas qualitative
research methods emphasized words and meanings. According to Plano Clark and
Ivankova (2016), Quantitative research methods assess variables and test
hypotheses, whereas qualitative research methods are used to investigate concepts
and experiences. A mixed-methods approach is an independent research
methodology. As defined by Creswell and Plano Clark (2011), a mixed-methodologies
research design is a research design with its philosophical assumptions and methods
of investigation. It incorporates philosophical assumptions to guide the collection and
interpretation of data from numerous sources for a single study. The themes centered
on methodological consistency and research standards, whereas the opposing
themes covered definitions of mixed methods, researcher views, and design
possibilities.
The theme of social justice; The MMR addresses the societal problems of building a better
world. The research advocates strengths for social change. To MMR helps in achieving the social
development goals. The MMR helps the researchers to carry out response research to solve societal
problems (Molina-Azorin & Fetters, 2019). The mixed transformative methods promote social
justice. The MMR creates a transformative research model by developing variables that help in
finding solutions for societal problems. The use of innovations in methodology also addresses the
theme of social justice, and it helps in discussing the complexity of societal issues.
The theme of integration; This theme enhances joint displays. Its integration involves the
use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This helps in integrating the data to have
an effective result. The theme of integration also involves the integration of the framework by
merging the variables and comparing the results (Guetterman et al., 2021). The visuals help in
the processing of the information. The theme of integration also involves the use of dual coding
theories. One of the issues that need expansion from the articles is the criticisms faced by the
MMR. Different researchers have different views concerning MMR. Some researchers criticize
the use of the MMR in the study, arguing that it is ineffective and erroneous. Therefore, it is
essential to study the criticisms to determine where the MMR can be effectively used. Secondly,
it is essential to expound on the theories associated with the MMR. This will help generate more
understanding of the theoretical concepts associated with the MMR.
The Socioecological Framework
The socioecological framework introduced in the Plano Clark and Ivankova the
development of the research question which would be studied to give out the results.
It also discusses the methods that are used in the collecting of the information to be
analyzed. The framework discusses the definitions of the main terms and phrases to
be involved in the study. The research designs and approaches are part of the
framework. The framework discusses research ethics, especially in data collection
and interpretation. The theoretical models and background knowledge are involved
in carrying out the research. The research teams are recognized for crediting their
studies (Clark & Ivankova, 2016). The research study also needs to undergo the
review process to fulfill all the research rules.
Planning the study
The framework will help understand how to write an introduction that will discuss the main
points of the study. The framework would also help develop the literature review that involves
analyzing previous studies from other researchers. There is also the methodology development
that involves the various data collection methods. This can be primary or secondary data. By
understanding the socioecological framework in the Plano Clark and Ivankova text, I would be
able to develop the theoretical framework that discusses the theory related to the research problem.
I would also be able to develop a conceptual framework that involves the different variables
measured in the study. I would also be able to choose the data analyzing methods and interpretation
of the results. In my research, I would also be able to carry out conclusions and recommendations.
References
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods
Research. Sage Publications.
Guetterman, T., Fàbregues, S., & Sakakibara, R. (2021). Visuals in joint displays to
represent integration in mixed methods research: A methodological
review. Methods In Psychology, 5,
100080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metip.2021.100080
Molina-Azorin, J., & Fetters, M. (2019). Building a Better World Through Mixed
Methods Research. Journal Of Mixed Methods Research, 13(3), 275281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689819855864
Plano Clark, V. L., & Ivankova, N. V. (2016). Mixed methods research: A guide to the field.
Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
I have come to understand that the mixed techniques methods entail more
than just employing each of these strategies equally. It all boils down to the
RQ, the strategy, and the goal. The mixed techniques approach covers much
more ground than just combining the two approaches into one. The two
approaches must be combined in such a manner that they may support and
strengthen one another. This implies that the researcher must have a firm
grasp of both methodologies, as well as an awareness of how the two might
be combined to provide a solution to the research problem) (Guetterman et
al., 2021. Thank you for your feedback.
Reference
Guetterman, T., Fàbregues, S., & Sakakibara, R. (2021). Visuals in joint displays to represent
integration in mixed methods research: A methodological review. Methods In
Psychology, 5, 100080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metip.2021.100080

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