Answer the following questions below and include the URL(s) where you found your answers.1. Go to Emergency Response Guide 2020 (Links to an external site.), and answer the following questions:What is the Emergency Response Guide 2020 about?Who is the intended audience of the Emergency Response Guide 2020?2. Go to REMM (Links to an external site.), and answer the following questions:What is REMM?Who are the intended audiences of REMM?Is REMM available on mobile devices? If so, for what platforms?3. Go to Disaster Master (Links to an external site.) (a game from Ready.gov). Click on Level 1 – Wildfire to play the first level of the game. Provide your reaction to the game and whether you felt it would be beneficial to teach kids about disasters. 4. Go to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Emergency Preparedness and Response (Links to an external site.). What are some steps you can take to feel better after a traumatic event occurs?5. Find a mobile application that provides for disaster/emergency information (other than the Red Cross or FEMA). Provide the following:the name of the applicationthe price of the applicationa description of the applicationthe intended audience of the applicationthe platform of the application, i.e. Apple, Android6. Go to Ready. gov (Links to an external site.). What are ways that you can protect yourself from a cyberattack?
Disaster Informatics
INFO 5634 Disaster and Emergency
Management for Information Professionals
Overview
? Disaster Informatics
? A National System
? National Incident Management System (NIMS)
? Networks and GIS
? Disaster Information Resources
? Summary
Disaster Informatics: Definition
the study of the use of information and technology in
the preparation, mitigation, response and recovery
phases of disasters and other emergencies.
Disaster informatics may involve crowdsourcing,
participatory mapping or citizen science with members
of the public as everyday analysts
Wikipedia (2021). Disaster Informatics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_informatics
Disaster Informatics: Importance
? In the World Disaster Report 2005 by the International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, information was the main
focus.
? As the report states:
People need information as much as water, food, medicine or shelter. Information
can save lives, livelihoods and resources. It may be the only form of disaster
preparedness that the most vulnerable can afford. The right kind of information leads
to a deeper understanding of needs and ways to respond. The wrong information
can lead to inappropriate, even dangerous interventions.
? The 2018 report, Leaving No One Behind, stated that The
international humanitarian sector must do more to respond to the
needs of the worlds most vulnerable people.
A National System:
Who? What? Why?
? Who?
American Medical Informatics Association
(http://www.amia.org)
? What?
? A national health information infrastructure
? What will it do?
? Connects local health providers and health officials by highspeed networks to national data systems
? Detects and tracks global threats to public health
? Utilizes computer-based patient records
? Provides disaster-response information technologies
? Why?
? To protect public health and national safety
? To protect citizens from disaster
? To deliver health care effectively in a disaster
?
Tang, P. (2002). AMIA advocates national health information system in fight against national
health threats. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 9(2), 123-124.
Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC344567/pdf/0090123.pdf
A National System:
Key Components
According to Tang (2002), there are 6 components that the
system needs and these elements still remain relevant:
1. Strategic planning and coordination
? Coordination of existing initiatives for public health,
clinical care, and research
2. Connectivity and communications
? Provide communication for local, regional, and national
efforts
? Secure and dedicated connections to the Internet for all
public and private medical facilities and related
organizations
? Require standard workstations, tools, and training for all
involved
?
Tang, P. (2002). AMIA advocates national health information system in fight against national
health threats. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 9(2), 123-124. Available:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC344567/pdf/0090123.pdf
A National System:
Key Components (continued)
3. Standards
? Standards for data interchange
? Standard required data elements for public health
surveillance databases
? Creation of a common vocabulary standard
4. Resource databases
? Physical resources: health care organizations,
safety facilities, and environmental agencies
? Human resources: physicians, nurses, and public
health and support personnel
? Organizational resources: emergency medical
services, county and city law enforcement
agencies, and other emergency-response groups
? Knowledge resources: clinical guidelines,
extensive clinical decision support tools, and
others
A National System:
Key Components (continued 2)
5. Public health surveillance systems
? Information about patients with conditions of public health
importance such as those with symptoms of serious
infection or exposure
? Data is collected, transmitted, aggregated, and analyzed
to be used for prompt decision making.
? Example: The Public Health Information Network
6. National identifiers
? National identifiers for providers, insurers, businesses,
and individuals are required by the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which protects
confidential health information
? During disasters, it is important that epidemiologic data is
analyzed quickly while protecting individuals rights as
well
National Incident
Management System (NIMS)
? NIMS is the federal governments answer to the need
for a national system
(https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/202007/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
? All federal department and agencies are required to
adopt this system
? State and local organizations must adopt NIMS to
receive federal preparedness assistance
National Incident Management
System (NIMS): Components
1. Preparedness
2. Communications and Information Management
3. Resource Management
4. Command and Management
5. Ongoing Management and Maintenance
?
?
National Integration Center
Supporting Technologies
(U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2008)
http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/NIMS_core.pdf
Networks, Databases, and GIS
? Public Health Information Network
National Electronic Disease Surveillance System
? Health Alert Network
?
? Databases
REMM
? EM-DAT
?
? Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
?
Interactive Health Data Mapping
Public Health Information
Network (PHIN)
http://www.cdc.gov/PHIN/
? Created by CDC
? National initiative to implement a multi-organizational
business and technical architecture (including
standards) for public health information systems
? Applications of PHIN:
? National Electronic Disease Surveillance System
?
?
National Electronic Disease Surveillance System Base
System l CDC
Health Alert Network
? http://www.emergency.cdc.gov/han
Public Health Information Network:
National Electronic Disease Surveillance System
(NEDSS)
? Promotes the use of data and information system standards
? Promotes an efficient, integrated, and interoperable surveillance
system at federal, state and local levels
? This initiative is designed to:
Detect outbreaks and monitor the publics health
? Facilitate the electronic transfer of appropriate information
from clinical information systems to public health
departments
? Decrease the burden on providers to give information
? Enhance the speed and quality of information {Lumpkin}
?
Public Health Information Network:
Health Alert Network (HAN)
HAN ensures that each community has:
? rapid and timely access to emergency health
information.
? a group of highly-trained professional personnel.
? evidence-based practices and procedures for
effective public health preparedness, response,
and service on a 24/7 basis.
? It is the main method of sharing cleared
information about urgent public health incidents.
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Alert Network (HAN), 2020.
https://emergency.cdc.gov/HAN/)
Geographic Information System
(GIS)
It is a computer system that analyzes and displays
geographically referenced information. It uses data that
is attached to a unique location.
The system can capture, store, analyze and display
geographically information.
(U.S. Geological Survey. Geographic Information System, 2021.
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-a-geographic-information-system-gis?qtnews_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products)
GIS:
Interactive Health Data Mapping
? http://www.episcopalhealth.org/en/research/county-
health-map/
? Created by Episcopal Health Foundation in Houston,
TX
? Is an on-line, interactive website that provides
demographic, health and social data in Texas
? Includes:
? data on key social and health issues
? snapshots of county and childrens health data
? downloadable PDFs of graphs and tables with
health statistics for each county
Disaster Information Resources
In the following slides, we will explore information
resources that are beneficial for disaster information
management
Radiation Emergency Medical
Management (REMM)
REMM – Radiation Emergency Medical Management (hhs.gov)
? Developed by the National Library of Medicine in
conjunction with the Department of Health and Human
Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Preparedness and Response, Office of Planning and
Emergency Operations with subject expertise from
National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
? Provides information for physicians about the diagnosis
and treatment of radiation injuries and provides
evidence-based information for those without subject
expertise
Emergency Events Database
(EM-DAT)
http://www.emdat.be/
? Founded in 1988 by World Health Organization
(WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research on the
Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)
? Designed to serve the purposes of humanitarian
action at national and international levels
? Includes data on mass disasters in the world from
1900 to present compiled from various sources,
including UN agencies, non-governmental
organizations, insurance companies, research
institutes and press agencies
CDC Emergency Preparedness
and Response
http://emergency.cdc.gov/
? Provides information and resources for the public
about public health emergencies
? Includes information on the following categories:
Bioterrorism
? Chemical emergencies
? Radiation emergencies
? Mass casualties
? Natural disasters & severe weather
? Recent outbreaks & incidents
?
LitCovid
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/d
ocsum?filters=topics.General%20Info
?
Developed by the Computational Biology Branch,
National Center for Biotechnology Information and The
National Library of Medicine as an open resource
literature hub of up-to-date scientific information about
COVID 19 virus.
?
Provides daily updated central access to articles. The
information is categorized research topics: general,
mechanism, transmission, diagnosis, treatment,
prevention, care report, and forecasting. It can be
limited by geographic locations.
Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases
Dashboard by the Center of Systems Science
and Engineering (CSSE)
https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/
index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6
?
Johns Hopkins University developed this dashboard
with up to date global information about COVID 19.
?
Excellent data visuals with statistical information about
the pandemic
Summary
? Disaster informatics is an interdisciplinary
field which is expanding its knowledge base.
? We have presented just a select number of
disaster information resources.
? Keep in mind that there are specific
resources available for different types of
disasters/emergencies.
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